We study Lyapunov vectors LVs corresponding to the largest Lyapunov exponents in systems with spatiotemporal chaos. We focus on characteristic LVs and compare the results with backward LVs obtained via successive Gram-Schmidt orthonormalizations. Systems of a very different nature such as coupled-map lattices and the continuous-time Lorenz ‘96 model exhibit the same features in quantitative and qualitative terms. Additionally, we propose a minimal stochastic model that reproduces the results for chaotic systems. Our work supports the claims about universality of our earlier results I. G. Szendro et al., Phys. Rev. E 76, 025202R 2007 for a specific coupled-map lattice.
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